Analyze Donne’s Duplicity as a Lover in His Poems Essay

John Donne is not only the greatest love poet of his time, but also surpasses the limitation of times. Donne’s greatness as a love-poet arises from the fact that his poetry covers a wider range of emotions. He was the first English poet to challenge and break the supremacy of Petrarchan tradition. Though at times he adopts the Petrarchan devices, yet his imagery and rhythm, texture and color of his love poetry is different. There are three distinct strains of his love poetry – Cynical, Platonic and Conjugal love. The Sun Rising is one of Donne’s popular and widely read love poems. It is love poem of an unusual kind. In this poem the poet lover reprimands the Sun and calls it names for disturbing love making. Here as a lover Donne exaggerates his love and his beloved so much that it overlaps the Petrarchan love poetry also. He addresses the Sun as â€Å"busy old fool†. He calls it unruly because, by peeping in to the bedroom through windows and curtains it disturbs the lovers. The poet-lover tells the Sun that lovers’ seasons do not run to its motions. He advises the Sun to go and do such routine and dull jobs like chiding late-schoolboys and apprentices, waking up court-huntsmen and peasants. Love knows no season, no climates. It is not affected by time. The poet’s wit is so clear when he tells the Sun that he has no reason to think that his beams are â€Å"so reverend and strong†. The poet lover could eclipse and could the beams of the Sun with a wink. He does not do so because he does not wish to â€Å"loose her right so long.† He says Thy beams so reverend and strong Why shouldst thou think? I could eclipse and cloud them with a wink. But that I would not lose her sight so long. The poet-lover knows that the Sun would go to the other half of the world and come to that place at this time tomorrow. The poet-lover asks the Sun to go round the world, see all Kings, come back tomorrow and say if â€Å"both the India’s of spice and mine† . He says to leave them alone and to let them love. Again, he says, his beloved is represents the whole world, East Indies and the West indies because of her sweet fragrance and her glitter. Here Donne uses highly hyperbolical words for her beloved. He says again that his beloved is all the states and he is the prince of this state, nothing else matter to him, and nothing else exist for him, except he and his beloved. She is all the state, and all princes I Nothing else is. Furthermore, compared to their love all â€Å"honour’s mimick†, all wealth alchemy.† In the latter imagery there is an allusion to the medieval belief in the powers of magic etc. In this particular poem Donne’s praise for his beloved reaches at the height that is incomparable to nothing. However, we find the opposite side of the coin in the poem namely ‘Go and Catch a Falling Star’. Here we find Donne’s duplicity as a lover. In ‘The Sun Rising’ we find Donne passionate and sensuous as a lover, but in Go and Catch a Falling Star he is very much cynical as a lover. He does not believe in true love. We find Donne’s misogynistic attitude here. The poem starts by challenging to catch a falling star. The falling star can signify something bright and beautiful that has come to an end and how difficult it is hold on to this goodness for ever. It also suggests trying and making a wish and seeing if it comes true. In fact it is as difficult to catch a falling star as it is to ‘get with child a mandrake root’ which shows the stark contrast of getting a child which is something innocent and joyous to a mandrake root which is used in witchcraft to wish death on someone. Again the contrast of living and the positive is contrasted with death and negativity. Donne here presents many impossible tasks and says to find a true woman is as impossible as the tasks are. He says it is impossible to remember the past years, to listen the mermaid song, and to find the person who clove the Devil’s foot. According to Donne, it is impossible to find; a loyal and chaste woman. The poet, through irony and exaggeration suggests the impossibility of the undertaking to discover a true and fair woman. According to him And swear No where Lives a woman true, and fair. He believes fair women will have lovers and therefore it is not possible for them to be faithful to any of them. If anyone ever found then Though she were true when you met her, And last till you write your letter, Yet she Will be False, ere I come, to two, or three. To him to find a true and fair woman is not a herculean task rather it is impossible. Here we find the duplicity of Donne. He is here misogynist and believes true love cannot be found because of women’s fickleness. Women are inconsistent and for that reason true love cannot be found, as a woman use to love so many suitors. He criticizes the women race and spares no words to ridicule them. Here his misogynistic attitude shows that he has very little respect for love. In ‘The Sun Rising’ we find him as a pure lover, who believes in solely love. He praises his beloved and the placed her with the Olympian goddesses. He same Donne in ‘Go and Catch a Falling Star’ shows abominable attitude towards love and towards women race. He skeptically believes that women are neither deities nor fully honest; they possess all the human shortcomings. Thus Donne’s attitude towards women is materialistic, pessimistic, and occasionally misogynistic. This contradictory attitude as a lover makes him unique. Donne’s love poems are rich with various mood and attitudes. Two opposite sides as a lover is found in this both poems. In one poem he exaggerates his beloved and worshipped her, on the other poem he says women race is perverted race. Two contradictory ideas are given by the same poet. One poem is full of passion and the other is full of abhorrence.

Book Theif by Markus Zusak Essay

Most good novels allow the reader to walk a mile in someone else’s shoes. Through language, characterisation and relationships the author is able to illustrate significant social issues. The Book Thief by Markus Zusak is a tremendously powerful book which captures key significant social issues of the power of words in Nazi Germany; Hitler’s manipulation of words and how people can find comfort in literature, as well as a means of escape. In the ‘Book Thief’, Zusak constantly emphasises the remarkable power and impact words have in relation to the corrupt world of World War Two. Through the use of descriptive language he is able to broaden the readers understanding of Hitler’s abuse of power by manipulating words and propaganda on the German people. Emotions of empathy are evoked when Liesel realizes that Hitler is the reason for her misery; adding to the loss of her childhood innocence. She comes to realize that Hitler is responsible for the war, her brother’s death, mothers suffering and why Max is sent to a concentration camp. â€Å"The words were thrown at the steps and Liesel could feel the slush of anger, stirring hotly in her stomach. ‘ I hate the fuhrer,’ she said. I hate him. † Zusak uses a metaphor, linked with imagery, dialogue and short sentences while at the same time reflecting emotive language to make me realise the importance of the power of words. Words are a powerful persuasive weapon of Hitler’s, and both Liesel, and I come to realise that, ‘without words the Fuhrer was nothing. ’ In this way Zusak has used Hitler’s manipulation of words to not only highlight the power of words in the ‘Book Thief’, but in our real world. Throughout Liesel’s journey Zusak clearly illustrates her growing understanding of Hitler’s manipulation of the power of words. And that he also proves that the power of words can be appreciated, while acting as a means of escape from the living reality, of war. Literature becomes Liesel’s sanity and without it she’d be far lost in the Nazi Germany Regime. So out of pure vengeance and anger, she rebels against Hitler by stealing books, while furthermore satisfying her hunger for reading. â€Å"She could smell the pages. She could almost taste the words as they stacked up around her. † This thus points out Liesel’s relationship and deep connection she shares with literature, by using a metaphor. Everyone needs to escape reality for a little while, to find beauty in the darkest hours, to keep their sanity, to survive. For Hans it is his accordion, Death’s is the colours, and for Max it is telling his story via art and literature. Yet of course Liesel too needs an escape, and she is able to find this from words and literature. By finding an escape route, Liesel’s knowledge of the power of words endures to build, and expand as she is able to appreciate literature. Liesel’s journey of escaping the horror delivers not only beauty and a hope to survive but allows her to find comfort through literature. I find this rather ironic, that she is able to bring comfort to her-self and others from literature, when before words only served her misery. â€Å"She couldn’t tell exactly where the words came from. What mattered was that they reached her. They arrived and kneeled next to the bed. † Zusak brings to attention; the idea of that literature is capable of accomplishing and bringing comfort to Liesel by using personification and imagery. But then again, within reading Liesel is not just able to comfort herself but can soothe others by understanding the true capacity words have, in relation that they can cause both pain and happiness. †¦But at least they were distracted now, by the girl with the book. † Through language and the overall use of irony, Zusak reinforces Liesel’s strong connection with literature, while engaging myself, the reader into the deeper meanings of the written text; that in means can provide comfort and an escape. By the author allowing the reader to, ‘walk a mile in someone else’s shoes’ social issues are evidently propounded. Markus Zusak has successfully demonstrated the significant social issues of, Hitler’s manipulation and abuse of power through words, and the appreciation of literature by providing escape and comfort in the Book Thief.

Sociology Reflective Essay

‘Social Stratification is the division of large numbers of people into layers according to their relative property, power, and prestige; applies to both nations and to people within a nation, society, or other group. ’ (Henslin, James,2011) There are basically four systems to socially stratify a family. Social class, as one of the systems will be investigated in the following paragraphs. (1) Identification of my family’s social class position and explanations of it: Social class is fundamentally determined by how much wealth you have.Income, education and gender are three major factors that I would consider to determine my family’s social class position. Concisely speaking, I came from a single-parent family which I only live with my mother. My mother is the only person who is officially employed in my family. Her occupation is a salesperson at a beauty centre with unstable income. One other important financial income of our family will be the alimony given from my father who no longer lives with us. Our household income per month is about $10,000. According to the 2006 Population By-census, the median monthly domestic household income (at current prices) was $ 17,250.Although there are only two people in my family, our monthly income is nearly 40% below the median figure in 2006. Individually, my mother does not receive stable income so her monthly income tends to be lower than the median monthly income of an employed individual of $ 10,000. In conclusion, my family’s income is comparably low; especially the data was collected in 2006 which inflation has already been excluded. Education is counted as an essential factor determining social class as it’s believed that well-educated people can always get well-pay jobs with comfortable working environments.As mentioned in the 2006 Population By-census report, people with higher educational attainment generally have higher income than less educated ones. Also, in the past fe w decades, only economically sufficient families could provide educations for their children. There are many middle-aged people nowadays do not have high-school qualifications. Thus, in the past few decades, the more educated a person was, the wealthier his/ her family would be. My mother did not finish high-school education while I have just started my university study. Finally, a very special factor—gender, is considered. ‘Gender is a basis for social stratification. (Henslin, James, 2011) All of us in a family are both females. Even though people in modern world advocate gender equality, women still suffer from gender inequality. Stated in the report of the 2006 Population By-census, the median monthly income from main employment of working men was higher than that of working women by some 30% during 1996–2006. Other than income, clothing, right to divorce and education are restricted in some Middle East countries (e. g. Iran). Hong Kong seems t o be a liberal city but there are still some deep-root traditions and thoughts that limit the social mobility of females.Due to gender inequality, my mother was not allowed to attend high school and she is forced to receive lower pay comparing to her male colleagues with same working titles. To conclude, I would say gender serves as a force that aid pushing down my family’s social status. After the considerations of all these factors, I would place my family as working class or sometimes lower class. In term of Marx’s theory, my family would be the proletariat (workers). In term of Weber’s theory which considers three components of social class, I would still place my family as working or lower class. 2) Prediction of my own social class when I am 40 years old and the possible difference between my current family social class position and the future: It is extremely hard to predict my own social position when I am 40 years old which will be approximately two decades later as our world is never predictable. Nonetheless, if everything reminds unchanged in our world, I will be a clinical psychologist or at least graduate with bachelor degree. Ideally, I will be working for the government as a professional with ‘Iron Rice Bowl’. The salary I get will be higher than average.According to the report on salary scale of common posts in the non-governmental organizations, the monthly salary of a clinical psychologist was $ 30,615 in 2009 which was 2 times higher than the median monthly income in 2006. In 20 years time, my mother will be retired hopefully and I will be the only financial support at home. My occupation, wealth, education level and income will be the main indicators to identify my social position in our society. According to Marx, I remain a proletariat who lacks of class consciousness as I do not perceive an occupation as a clinical psychologist as an exploited worker.According to Wright, I may be on the level of managers or still work ers. I guess I will not own any means of production or labor power but I hope I can still own control over investments or money capital (e. g. a flat unit). In short, from both Marx’s and Wright’s view, my social position will not differ a lot from my family’s current social class position. However, I doubt that their views are relatively simplistic and out-dated so I prefer Weber’s three components of social class (property, power and prestige). At the age of 40, as a professional, I may have a secretary which means I gain power on controlling my subordinates at work.Also, prestige sounds more achievable as a professional with more respects. From his perspective, I may achieve vertical mobility and move to a higher-rank social position comparing to my family’s current social class position. Generally, I believe being a clinical psychologist can upgrade myself from a lower/working class to lower middle class. However, the above assumptions are made under the circumstances that nothing has changed. In my own opinion, there are some essential factors that I have to consider. For examples, the prestige and income I will get for being a clinical psychologist may not be that much as in the past.This is because studying in universities is very common; getting a university degree will be easier than the past. Potentially, there will be more clinical psychologists in Hong Kong and salaries will be lowered when there are sufficient supplies. (3) Considerations of all advantages and/or disadvantages my family’s current social class position provides or poses in helping to determine the social class to which I see myself belonging when I am forty years old: First of all, I would like to state some of the disadvantages at the beginning.Income is an important indicator determining class position. However, my mother’s income can be very unstable (as a typical factor of local working class). She can earn quite a lot this month but earn nothing in the following month. A few years ago while there was a structural change in the industry that I have considered not to continue my study but to work in order to support my family’s expenses. This kind of consideration may appear again if the economic condition is really bad.Although the possibility is very low, income uncertainty can still block my sights from determining my future social class which is possibly determined by my education level. Also, social class is likely to be intergenerational so I am very likely to be part of the working/ lower class but not what I have expected in part (2). One significant advantage is that being a part of the lower/working class provides very strong motivation for me to study harder and move to the middle class rank in the future.When being a part of the middle class becomes my goal, I can easily conclude what social position I will be in my 40s. References: (1) Thematic Report :Household Income Distributionin Hong Kong 2006 Population By-census http://www. statistics. gov. hk/publication/stat_report/population/B11200452006XXXXB0401. pdf (2) Salary Scale of Common Posts in the Non-governmental Organizations w. e. f 1. 4. 2009 http://www. swd. gov. hk/doc/ngo/Salary%20Scale%20of%20Common%20Posts%20wef%201%204%202009. pdf (3) Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach (Henslin, James,2011)

Word of Mouth Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Word of Mouth Marketing - Essay Example Techniques to promote a firm's product have been created and modified to come up with a superior marketing strategy with excellent results. Word of mouth marketing which is also regarded to as viral marketing nowadays emerged as one of the most efficient tools in marketing in product promotion, customer recruitment and retention. This paper will try to address the perceived advantages and disadvantages of word of mouth. This paper will give a closer look at word of mouth marketing and how it affects buyer behavior. To further examine the potency of word of mouth as an effective marketing tool, experiences of practitioners will be evaluated. Disadvantages and costs of word of mouth marketing, especially its inaccessibility will also be looked into. According to the Word of Mouth Marketing Association (2006), word of mouth marketing is the ability to harness the voice of the happy customer for the good brand while acknowledging that the voice of the unhappy customer is equally as powerful (and equally detrimental) to the brand. However, it should be noted that word of mouth is often not an intended marketing strategy for goods and services companies as they do not exert direct effort in the "creation" of word of mouth. Instead, word of mouth can be indirectly promoted by firms by ensuring the quality of the products that they offer to customers. No amount of marketing effort can encourage word of mouth but through the collective effort of the whole company in achieving the goals of marketing-creating products and services that gives customer value. Traditionally, word of mouth is done through the face to face social interactions of individual. However, a new trend has emerged in word of mouth marketing together with the revolutionary development in technology. The most important technological innovation which rapidly introduced change in word of mouth marketing is the internet technology. This revolution led to the establishment of viral marketing as a type of word of mouth marketing. Viral marketing refers to "marketing technique that exploits pre-existing social networks to produce exponential increases in brand awareness through viral processes similar to a spread of an epidemic (Viral Marketing 2006)." It should also be added that viral marketing is a word of mouth "enhanced" and "delivered" online as it takes advantage of the internet technology to reach a huge number of people rapidly. Viral marketing includes the use of blogs, amateur websites and other forms of astrosurfing that facilitates word of mouth. Word of Mouth and Buyer Behavior It should be noted that word of mouth marketing takes advantage of both power of human voice and social interaction among customers. A relationship between

Wedding Ceremony Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wedding Ceremony - Essay Example This definition, however, fails to highlight the actual meaning and worth of a wedding ceremony. In most cultures weddings underscored the need for the transition from one stage of life to another. It may no longer be seen that way but in Greek cultures, for example, wedding marked the transition of a woman from one â€Å"Oikos† to her new â€Å"Oikos†. â€Å"She changed from a partner, a maiden, to a nymph, a married woman without children, when she married and then finally to a gyne, an adult woman when she bore her first child. The entire set of marriage rites focused on the bride and her relocation to a new Oikos and Kurios, the most important transition in her life.† (Powers, 1997) The wedding in Greek culture would last three days where each day had an important cultural significance. The first day was the day when a bride would offer her toys and other childhood stuff to deities. This was done to mark her freedom from her old life and transition into a new life. Similarly for Romans as well, the wedding was a critical rite and did not just mean the act of marrying two people. In Roman culture, people could legally live together without a wedding and hence when a ceremony took place, it meant much more than just legalizing the marriage. Just like the Greek ceremony, Romans would also have a day on which the bride would perform certain rituals to mark her transition to the next stage of life. She would also get rid of her toys and childhood belongings. However, the most important part of the ceremony was the hairdo and the dress. The Roman bride would wear the dress only once and her hair would be styled in a particular manner. The veil was a must and it had to be worn by all brides.

Near-consultant quality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Near-consultant quality - Essay Example The cascading effects of a changing weather has also affected and modified the geographical distribution of life forms in the upland area going to the lowland where they can now be found within residential spaces. Some marine animals have also died of starvation because of the disappearance of their usual preys that probably migrated to keep up with the decreasing quality of water salinity. Indeed, climate change produces adverse effects on the habitat of these living things and also, in the environment we humans live in. Our rivers and lakes in Canada have been recorded to have dropped in water levels due to the intense heat caused by these long trends of shifting weather. It is my goal in this paper to discuss the impacts of climate change on the Great Lakes with emphasis on its geographical implications and, to propose the urgency of the actions we can contribute to mitigate the hazardous effects of climate change being an inevitable consequence of the industrialized systems that we have approved of. The Great Lakes form the â€Å"largest fresh surface water system on earth† (Manninen) that being 21% of the whole planet (â€Å"Great Lakes†). It is a vast lake found in the northeastern North America, within the Canada-United States border which is connected to the Atlantic Ocean through Saint Lawrence Seaway and Great Lakes Waterway (â€Å"Great Lakes†). Manninen further defines that it covers more than 94,000 square miles and drains more than twice as much land. It is 9.5 feet deep and holds about 6 quadrillion gallons of water which is like one-fifth of the world’s fresh surface water supply and nine-tenths of United States supply (Manninen). That is a vital role of the Great Lakes basin being â€Å"home to 8.5 million Canadians and 30.7 million Americans† (Environment Canada). The Great Lakes consists of the smaller lakes known as Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie and Ontario. The Great Lakes highly contributed to the development of

Strategy Book and creative book Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Strategy Book and creative book - Essay Example They also operate a restaurant in Oregon serving mainly vegetarian dishes. Their premises are open all week through from 7 AM to 11 PM. Its herbal department also stocks a variety of medicinal herbs that clients could purchase (Paul 12). One of the main competitors is Whole Foods. It was created in 1980 in Austin. It is more of a grocery store but deals mainly in organic food substances. Its produce is available in several supermarkets across North America. Walmart is another key player in the organic food market. It is a large-scale store with units in over 28 countries worldwide and almost 10000 stores. Their stores stock over 400 different varieties of organic foods. Costo are another competitor in the market. They have over 600 branches spread out over the country. However, even with their many branches and long reach, costo are still not able to exhaust the demand for organic products. However, they have succeeded in creating great customer royalty from their clients. Kroger has retail stores in about 31 states countrywide. They stock several varieties of the common organic food products plus several of their own custom brands. However, these variations in the products they offer can be cause loss of some of their market share. Health experts and increasing awareness of the effects of food products that people consume has led to an increase in demand for organic food products. With rapid increases in the per capita income for consumers, there has increase in demand for fresh food produce. These mainly include fruits and vegetables. People rely on supermarkets and grocery stores for their food produce needs. A survey carried out by the Hartman group on consumer behavior in the USA shows that people purchase organic foods because of superior taste and benefits to their health. Safety concerns especially because of the processes through which the food is produced are another motivating factor

Federal Constitution in US Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Federal Constitution in US - Coursework Example In doing this, the federal constitution creates a balance of power between States and federal constitution. That is something that the state constitution could achieve for the federal government. State constitution is unable to define how a federal officer could act or behave. In addition, there could be conflicts and chaos as 50 States in the US would create 50 distinct sets of rules for the government to follow. It is possible that the US could have survived without a written constitution with all powers remaining in its 50 States. In this regard, the US government could have served as a place for the States to monitor and coordinate their policies. However, such a feeble link and association between the States would not have been workable since it would have caused many chaos and disputes between the States as the States had serious conflicts and disputes over the territories, commerce disputes, and land use conflicts. The US federal government, under its powers States in the cons titution keeps all States united, peaceful, and working together even if at times they are not happy about some policies that the government implements. It would have been very hard for the US to hang on and survive without a formal written constitution because the constitution gives the country stability and a way of discussing and resolving their disputes given that there are many States in the US. It is worth noting that constitution is not a static document thus it is flexible and open to changes with identification of faults and need of changing times. In this manner, written constitution aided in settling differences among States and reaching consensus among warring groups. In addition, the written constitution helped the US in balancing the power between the States and federal government thus binding all the 50 States in one nation. 2. Why shouldn’t the Constitution include an overall criminal code specifying crimes and punishments that could apply throughout the Unite d States? Most criminal policies and laws are formed by States in the US and the federal constitution was written as a guide for federal government. Therefore, penal codes are very lengthy in that they cover many things from standards such as murder and larceny to practicising clinics without a license. In addition, penal codes deal with traffic laws and by the time the constitution was enacted, there were no cars nor were there computers or credit cards. The constitution gave legislative powers to congress to tackle problems as they arose instead of assuming that the drafters of the constitution could anticipate the future and all tribulation that would come up in future. Furthermore, the constitution is enacted to protect rights of individuals and place limits on the authority or powers of the federal government. Listing punishments and crimes in the constitution would load it up with many specifics and hence infringe on the work of the judiciary and legislature, who are mandated to determine such matters. 3. Why is society considered the victim of a crime rather than the individual victimized? Criminal law considers society the victim because when an individual commits the crime, the behavior affects the society. For instance, if the society’s security is upset, all members of the community are considered victims. People need laws to identify what action is acceptable and to be able to deal with people who do not follow the law.

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 18

Report - Essay Example Instead, global issues of trade control their domestic economy. The trade between China and the United States in the year 2007 was standing at two hundred and six point six billion US dollars, and it declined to one hundred and forty-three billion two years later. This drop was due to the external demand that was shrinking in the wake of the financial crisis that was taking place globally (Kara 71). The United States companies that were operating inside China contributed approximately forty-four percent of these surpluses while other companies contributed about twenty percent. Most of the trade taking place between China and the United States is compensatory that account for almost sixty percent of the total trade between the two countries. Therefore, any slight increase in the Yuan may lead to a significant increase in the Chinese trade surplus, contrary to what is expected. From the yuan appreciation, China has been able to import more raw materials and equipment for its industries at relatively lower prices (Morrison 2013). The year 2005, the first year when the Yuan appreciated, the total value of exports significantly increased. The exports increased by twelve point five billion US dollars in the following year a year which Yuan appreciated by nearly three percent. On the side of importation, recent experiences are shocking for those who are seeking for reduction of the deficit through revaluation of the currency. The evidence that appreciation of Yuan is deterring the consumption of Chinese goods and commodities by the United States is not compelling. During the period when Yuan was strengthening from 2005 to the year 2008, the imports of United States from China shoot up by approximately ninety-four point three billion an equivalent of about four percent. This led to an increased in the inelasticity of prices affecting the consumers in the end. Choices in making the appropriate regime in exchange rates are

Researched on magazines Essay Example for Free

Researched on magazines Essay My magazine is called Flava and it is aimed at teenagers, as when I researched on magazines I found this one was quite popular. I spent 4 weeks on my magazine and put a lot of effort into it. Before I started to produce my magazine I planned out how I was going to set it out and what type of things I was going to include in it. I chose the above features, as they are the basic things included in a teenage magazine. I used Microsoft Publisher for the majority of it but I also used Microsoft word for things such as my real life stories. I found Publisher better because you get a wide variety of different backgrounds and formats whereas in Microsoft Word it is more basic. I used a number of different formats and fonts. I did a lot of research on the Internet using Yahoo and Google. I worked with another pupil in my class, Khiley Williams, and we both came up with our own ideas. The pages I produced was the, Dear Angel problem page, the album review of Christina Aguileras Stripped, dish of the day page, the real life story of How I coped with Anorexia, the front cover, the celebrity page (all the celebs dressed in black), and the whats hot and whats not page. The page which required the most research was the real life story but I also put a lot of effort into the front cover as I wanted to make it eye catching and interesting. I used Christina Aguilera on my front cover as she is hot and sexy and catches peoples eye as they look at the magazine. She is also a role model for a lot of young people so they would want to read anything that they see her on. The front of my magazine is bright pink as this also helps to draw peoples attention to it and would hopefully be intrigued as to what is inside it once they start looking over the cover. I used the band Busteds logo on my front cover as well as there is a feature on them inside the magazine. To get the logo I went onto the Official Busted website, www. busted. com, and had to cut, copy and paste it onto publisher. I then had to fill in its original red background with pink to match the background of my front cover. Also on the front cover, I have included the price, a barcode and a logo, Girls with taste get Flava. For my barcode I used the search engine Google and typed in barcodes. I found one and cut copied and pasted again.

What Is A Carbon Footprint Environmental Sciences Essay

What Is A Carbon Footprint Environmental Sciences Essay there are many definitions used by different organizations; a carbon footprint is The total amount of greenhouse gases produced to directly and indirectly support human activities, usually expressed in equivalent tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) (timeforchange.org); The total set of greenhouse gas emissions caused directly and indirectly by an [individual, event, organisation, product] expressed as CO2.'(carbon trust). Some organisations such as direct.gov and the carbon trust provide online calculators which allow individuals and businesses to calculate their individual carbon footprint and how you can go on to minimise and/or offset it. Government campaigns and initiatives such as Act on CO2 encourage and provide information on how the CO2 output can be reduced (which is the main contributor to greenhouse effect) by making changes to their lifestyle and daily routine. For households this includes switching to energy efficient light bulbs, switching of appliances when not in use and red ucing the temperature of laundry washes. For businesses there are incentives and aids such as online help for reducing co2 emissions and costs, carbon surveys and 0% interest loans for energy efficient equipment upgrades (carbon trust). Companies such as carbon trust set up by the government are providing  £50 million in interest free loans to help the public sector save energy. It is clear that an incentive for both individuals and businesses is that reducing their carbon footprint will inevitably save them money; replacing an old boiler (10-15 yrs old) with and energy efficient boiler could save a household  £90 each year. (direct) Savings such as these are enough of a driver to encourage those people to consider reducing their carbon footprint. However it is important to consider if initial costs are relatively small and how easy and practical it is to make these changes. ( exoand on this) There is a need to reduce the CO2 emissions contribution to greenhouse gases (GHG) compared to other GHG as the actions of humans mostly contributes to Co2 . Since the last industrial revolution there has been a rise to tens of billions of tons per year from human greenhouse gas emmisions. Figure 1 shows human produced greenhouse gases. Figure 1 Currently over 30 billion tonnes of CO2 is emitted each year by the burning of fossil fuels which releases co2 directly into the atmosphere. 7 billion tonnes is emitted from land use changes such as deforestation which changes the natural process of trees removing Co2 from the atmosphere. (actonco2) different activities which contribute include; Industry: more than 40%, Buildings (homes, offices and the like: about 31%, transportations: around 22% and Agriculture; about 4%. (robert henderson) The contribution from other GHG to global warming can be calculated by converting them into their carbon equivalent (carbonfootprint.com) The previous bullet point describes the carbon emissions of different sectors and countries. There is an increasing need for businesses in the private and public sector and local authorities to reduce carbon emissions as well as individuals. The UK government is introducing new legislation in order to meet the target of reducing emissions by 80% by 2050. This legislation includes charging businesses if their energy usage is greater than 6000MWh per year. (reference). If these requirements are not met then the result is being placed in a low league table (carbon footprint-crc) and the possibility of facing other penalties. EU and UK legislation regarding reducing carbon emissions and energy in the UK is discussed in sectionxxxx of this report. Local authorities are encouraged to be fore frontiers of combating global warming in their areas and societies; encouraging others to make changes in order to reduce carbon emissions. Local authorities will need to calculate the carbon emissions of their buildings and services yearly and report them to DEFRA. Under new regulations they are encouraged to raise awareness of reducing carbon footprints in the local area ( carbonfootprint.com). The Carbon emissions of LAs will be published annually. There are also a number of campaigns such as Act on Co2 being advertised to the public to highlight the problem of carbon emissions. The Government is putting pressure on tenants, buyers and the public for making their buildings more energy efficient. Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) were introduced in 2008 (carbon foot) and are required when a building is constructed, sold or rented out. It rates the energy performance of a building; informing buyers, possible occupants if the building is energy efficient. A recommendation report is always produced along with the certificate listing the potential opportunities to increase the buildings energy efficiency. Landlords are open to Heavy penalties of 12.5% of the rateable value of the building if an EPC is not presented when requested by a tenant/buyer. The equivalent for public buildings are Display Energy Certificates; where the building is rated on its operational efficiency every 10 years, with the result certificate displayed in a publically visible place (cfprint) How is a carbon footprint calculated? Online calculators provided by organistations including direct.gov, carbon trust and carbon footprint allow both businesses and households to calculate their carbon footprint. In order to get an accurate idea of a carbon footprint it is important to use calculators regulated by Government bodies. For households, data which is usually sort for calculation of the footprint are statistics such as gas and electricity bills, motor vehicle mileage and Miles per Gallon (MPG) the products contained in homes and the main source of heating the home gas or electricity (act on co2),. For businesses this can includes all of the above as well as employee travel and fuel usuage for example. A carbon footprint is made up pf the sum of a primary footprint and a secondary footprint These are defined by Carbon Footprint Ltd. below 1. The primary footprint is a measure of our direct emissions of CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels including domestic energy consumption and transportation (e.g. car and plane). We have direct control of these. 2. The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2 emissions from the whole lifecycle of products we use those associated with their manufacture and eventual breakdown. To put it very simply the more we buy the more emissions will be caused on our behalf. The graph below shows the main elements of an individuals lifestyle which contributes to a carbon footprint. The pie chart above shows the main elements which make up the total of an typical persons carbon footprint in the developed world. This is different for residents of other countries; on average a UK resident has an annual carbon footprint if 11.6 tonnes; 40% manufacture/construction, food 5%, services 6% housing 20%. Compared to a US resident of 25.9 tonnes 38% manufacture/construction, food 45%, services 6%, housing 18%, personal travel 34% and resident of Africa resident 0.9% from services solely ( robert henderson book) How to reduce a carbon footprint When considering reducing and how to reduce a carbon footprint it is important to consider the persons lifestyle and for a company; the type of business. Everyone leads different lives and will be able to make differences depending on their lifestyle. Some people require travelling abroad for instance so it may be difficult to minimise travel co2 emissions. In almost all instances reducing co2 emissions inevitably results in reducing costs in the long term. Changes can be made in all aspects of life in order to reduce a carbon footprint; this includes in the home, changing transport and travel, shopping and recycling. Initial costs outweigh benefit At home switching to low energy light bulbs, and investing in attic insulation can reduce the energy lost in a home resulting in less energy and money required to heat it. Some utility companies also allow customers to specify that some or all of the power supplied to your home is from renewable sources (roberthenderson). This works by the company putting energy into the grid in an amount equal to your consumption. Households could also switch to renewable energies such as photovoltaics and wind turbines. The benefits and reality of such technologies smaller households will be discussed in sectionxxx Businesses Table xxx shows methods to help reduce an indivuals carbon footprint Home Travel shopping Business-buildings product Loft insulation Switch to cycling and walking Consider the materials used and transport mechanism for products Turning elcetircla equipment off at night Deisng for environmentally friendly products Double glazing Making fewer and shorter journeys by car uses a lot if energy Choose local products, and farmers market products and organic products Invest in energy saving plant/ technology Draught excluders Choose energy efficient vehicles-hybrid Buying in vulk and ingeredients instead of ready made foods Install movement sensitive lights in lower used areas such as toilets Cavity wall insulation Plan route, save fuel, time and money getting lost Improve insulation and lowering the thermostat temperature Carbon offsetting Carbon offsetting is the process of compensating for carbon emissions which are generally unavoidable (i.e lifestyle essentials) by funding an equivalent co2 saving project somewhere else. carbon credits are awarded in order to balance to emissions from defined activities measured in carbon dioxide equivalent (co2e) (qas). It is highly stressed (act n co2) that carbon offsetting is not an alternative to reducing an individuals/organisations carbon emissions to combat climate change but provide a mechanism to reduce GHG emissions in the most cost-effective and economically-efficient manner (carbonfootprint.com) carbon offsetting is defined as (offsetting.decc.goc.uk) Offsetting is also used by global corporations such as HSBC (get some more) Some online travel services and airlines also offer customers the possibility to offset their air travel emissions. The UK Governments Quality assurance Scheme (QAS)- for carbon offsetting introduced in xxx. It has been created to help individuals and companies choose approved quality offsets. The QAS effectively vouches for the quality of offsets provided with a quality mark. The aim of the scheme is to tackle public confusion and distrust of carbon offsetting whilst providing better information and high quality standards for customers of carbon offsetting. The main process of carbon offsetting (carbon neutral) is (directgov offset) calculating the emissions produced- this can be done using QAS offset providers which have carbon calculators -choose which activity/activities you would like to offset Buy an equivalent amount of carbon credits from projects- which use the fee paid to fund the projects Some projects include: harnessing river hydropower  in Fiji establishing the first wind energy plant in Cyprus collecting methane to generate electricity from landfill sites in Durban, South Africa (offsetting .decc.gov.uk) QAS offsetting providers include: -Energy Saving Ttust Crabon Trust The offsetting argument Offsetting fees are not regulated they do vary over time- however there are plans to set these costs from European emissions trading which are measured in cost per tonne. Therefore I is currently difficult to say if consumers and businesses are getting their monies worth of carbon offsets. Projects such as tree planting are slightly controversial as there is evidence to show that there may be longer lasting ways to beat climate change (henderson). When trees die most of its stored carbon is restored to the atmosphere anyway and It may be more important to protect the rainforests which are still remaining from deforestation. The actual deforestation of forests is a very large source of greenhouse emissions- the burning of trees contributes to around a fifth of co2 produced emissions (Henderson) Now with governmental standards it should make it easier to pick offsets which actually work. It can take years to see the environmental benefits of tree planting to take affect and It also difficult to measure exactly how much carbon dioxide is saved preventing projects such as these from receiving the QAS mark (offsetting.decc.goc.uk). There are many different types of offsetting projects,  generally involving energy efficiency or renewable energy. Here are some examples of the kind of projects that could produce a credit used for offsetting: providing people in Aceh, Indonesia with solar cookers and heat retention containers for cooking, heating, sterilising water and preserving food introducing energy efficiency measures at a resort hotel in India harnessing river hydropower  in Fiji establishing the first wind energy plant in Cyprus However carbon footprint offsetting does allow people to start making the effort to combating co2 and for some (due to busy lifestyles which require releasing larger amounts of co2 9e.g-needing to travel) it is easier to do this than invest in renewable energies in the home/office. It can take decades for the carbon produced to be offset by projects such as tree planting. Whilst investing in lower energy light bulbs and insulating a loft can lead to benefits in a year.

Theory of Two Magnetically Coupled RLC Circuits

Theory of Two Magnetically Coupled RLC Circuits CHAPTER 3 In many physical situations coupling can be created between two or more oscillatory systems. For instance, two pendulum clocks which are mounted on the same wall will be coupled by the flexing of the wall as each swing. Similarly, electronic devices frequently contain several tuned circuits that may be deliberately coupled by another circuit element, or even accidentally by stray fields. In all these situations, energy can be transferred when the frequency of one or both of the oscillators will be shifted. (Anon, 2011) 3.1 Theory of two magnetically coupled RLC circuits Two inductively coupled RLC circuits are shown below (Figure 1). Two resonant frequencies are obtained owing to the fact that there are two circuits. The separation of the two frequencies depends on the value of the mutual inductance M, defined as the ratio of the voltage in the secondary to the rate of change of primary current with time. It has a reactance at the operating frequency. (Arkadi, 2004) Applying Kirchhoff’s voltage law equations for both the primary and secondary loops yield (it is assumed here that ) These equations can be written in the matrix form as follows: where, and Following Cramer’s rule, where Thus, the solution from which the frequency response can be obtained is Resonance occurs at the two frequencies given by the following equations: The behavior of the circuit can qualitatively be understood on the basis of the reflected impedance (or coupled impedance). An inductively coupled circuit is said to reflect impedance in the secondary into the primary circuit. For a further explanation, the coupled circuits shown in Fig 2, is considered. The positive direction of the currents is chosen into the polarity mark on the generator representing the induced voltages, so that Kirchhoffs equations are is the mutual impedance , includes the source impedance and the secondary load. These equations may be solved for the equivalent primary impedance The reflected impedance is then A resistance is reflected as a resistance, whereas a capacitance is reflected as an inductance , and an inductance reflected as a capacitance . At resonance condition, the reflected impedance is resistive, and therefore acts to lower the Q-factor of the primary, and thereby reducing the output. This is however counteracted by an increase in coupling, which increases the output. The lower Q-factor gives a wider bandwidth. At lower frequencies than exact resonance, the reflected impedance is said to be inductive, which contributes to the inductance of the primary and consequently resonates at a lower frequency, producing a peak in the output. At higher frequencies than exact resonance, the reflected impedance is said to be capacitive, which cancels part of the inductance and eventually causes the circuit to resonate at a higher frequency, producing the second peak. (Arkadi, 2004) 3.2 Theory of couplings between two resonators The operation of resonators is very similar to that of the lumped-element resonators (series and RLC resonant circuits). Generally, two eigen frequencies can be obtained in association with the coupling between two coupled resonators, despite whether ther are synchronously or asynchronously tuned. The coupling coefficient , can therefore be extracted from these two frequencies, which can be obtained using eqn () and eqn (). However, these two frequencies can also be easily and directly identified in experiments without doing any calculations. According to (Hong, 2004), the formula for the computation of the coupling coefficient for synchronously tuned resonators does not yield the appropriate results when used to compute the coupling coefficient of asynchronously tuned resonators. Therefore it is of fundamental importance to present comprehensive treatment and derive a proper formulation to extract the coupling coefficient for asynchronously tuned resonators. In general, for different structure resonator (Figure ), the coupling coefficient may have different self-resonant frequencies. It may be defined on the basis of a ratio of coupled energy to stored energy, that is, Electric coupling magnetic coupling where all fields are determined at resonance. The volume integrals are over entire regions with permittivity of Æ  and permeability of ÃŽ ¼. However the direct evaluation of from eqn. would require a complete knowledge of the field distributions and would need to perform space integral. This would certainly not be an easy piece of work unless analytical solutions of the fields exist. However, Hong et al. (2004) found that there exists a relation between the coupling coefficient and resonant frequencies of the resonators which eases our task in computing the coupling coefficient.The coupling is due to both electric and magnetic effects. It is therefore essential to formulate expressions for each type of coupling separately. 3.3 Formulation for coupling coefficients 3.3.1 Electric coupling For electric coupling alone, an equivalent lumped-element circuit (Figure ) is designed to represent the coupled resonators. The two resonators resonate at frequencies and . They are coupled to each other through mutual capacitance . For natural resonance to occur, the condition is (as mentioned previously in 2.2.3). The resonant condition leads to an eigen equation After some manipulations eqn () reduces to This equation has four eigenvalues or solutions. However, out of the four, only the two positive real solutions are of interest to us. This is because they represent the resonant frequencies which are identifiable, namely A new parameter is defined, where it is assumed that . Substituting and in eqn (), Defining the electric coupling coefficient, according to the ratio of the coupled electric energy to the average stored energy. 3.3.2 Magnetic coupling A lumped-element circuit model like Figure is used to show the magnetic coupling through mutual inductance, of asynchronously tuned resonators. and are the two resonant frequencies of the uncoupled resonators. For natural resonance to occur, the condition is, . This leads to After expanding, Like in 3.3.1, this equation has four solutions, of which only the two positive real ones are of interest to us, We define a parameter, Assuming , and recalling and , substitute in eqn () Defining the magnetic coupling coefficient as the ratio of the coupled magnetic energy to the average stored energy, 3.3.3 Mixed coupling There is a mixture of both electric and magnetic coupling in the case of the experiments that will be performed in this project. Therefore to derive the coupling coefficient of the two resonators, we may have a circuit model as shown in Fig. Fig. The electric coupling is represented by an admittance inverter with while the magnetic coupling is represented by an impedance inverter with . Based on the circuit model of Fig. , and assuming all internal currents flow outward each node, a definite nodal admittance matrix can be define with a reference at node ‘0’ with For natural resonance, it implies that This requires that the determinant of admittance matrix to be zero, that is, After some manipulations, we can arrive at This biquadratic equation is the eigen-equation for an asynchronously tuned coupled resonator circuit with the mixed coupling. Letting either or in eqn. reduces the equation to either coupling, which is what should be expected. There are four solutions of eqn. However, only the two positive ones are of interest, and they may be expressed as with Define For narrow-band applications we can assume that and the latter actually represents a ration of an arithmetic mean to a geometric mean of two resonant frequencies. Thus we have in which Now, it is clear that is nothing else but the mixed coupling coefficient defined as The derived formula for extracting the coupling coefficients of any two asynchronously resonators can thus be formulated as This formula can also be used in computing the coupling coefficient of two synchronously tuned resonators, and in that case it reduces to We will demonstrate the application of the derived formulation in this project through the construction of two identical coupled spiral coil resonators and identify their respective resonant frequencies as well as determining the mixed coupling between them through the use of capacitors added to them.

Personal Writing: My First Time Experiencing Riding A Bicycle :: essays research papers

Personal Writing: My First Time Experiencing Riding A Bicycle Sangho Kang After a very meaningful conversation with my dad about the old days, we came up with an object that we both remember cleary. It was my very first biclycle. My mind told me that I got it when I was only eight but my mom insisted that I was seven when I got it. Either of us had a proof, and so we desided that when I got it was not important. My dad put together all the small pieces of the bicycle. From a beautiful material that he called, "Your own car." Of course I knew that he had some magical ability, but I didn't think he could make such an awsome object. He added the seat and the pedals. Last so that I would not have any problems. My dad recalled that the bicycle was the smallest he could find. I remember how gigantic it was. I was so afraid of it and there was no way that I was going to control that monster-sized material. The bicycle remained in my backyard as a decoration for a month because I refused to ride it. Honestly, I was scared to try it. After a month, my dad gave me a lecture to teach me what being a man was all about. I was finally determined to try it. My dad was proud of me and I felt very manly. He and I went to the park to see what we could do there. The park was empty when we arrived. I had no dought that my dad told everybody not to be there because we had to use it. I felt badly for other people, but I was proud to have such an onnipotent person as my dad. We found a smooth and a often space. My dad was holding the rear of the seat to make sure I didn't fell. He assured me that I was not going to fall because he would be running right behind, holding the bicycle. He reassured me by saying that it was the word of a man and I could trust it. I started to pedal and the bicycle moved. Once it started to move, I felt pedaling was much easier than expected. I asked my dad if it would be as easy to ride a bicycle without him holding on it. He did not answer me because he couldn't run, hold the bybicle, and talk at the same time. I told him we could stop if he was tired.

Walden - The American Economy :: Thoreau Walden Essays

Walden - The American Economy When the American people think of the word economy; money and the government often come to mind. In Greek Eco means the household and Nomy means to manage something. So why do American's tend to think of money and ownership when they think of the word "Economy?" Are Americans mearly living a career or are they living some other narrowly focused routine? Is a worthwhile lifestyle being lived? In Walden by Henry David Thoreau, Thoreau describes what is wrong with the American culture and society and how solitude can make the human pure. Thoreau sets out to build a house in the woods to try and demonstrate that every person can live a simple life. When he begins his stay at Walden Pond he only has an ax that he has borrowed. His house is built and he moves in on July 4, 1845 (420).. He becomes very familiar with nature and his surroundings and less familiar with the humane society. According to Moss, "He views the ponds as pure, sacred wells and as places for spirtual renewal" (421). He feels that the soal needs to be cleansed in order to discover the real meaning of life and be able to enjoy it. Too many people are content with the surface of life and merely following tradition. Thoreau wants people to look deeper into nature. Throughout Throreau's stay at Walden Pond, he encourages America to take a deeper look at life. Thoreau begins his essay with an explanation of exactly why he went to stay at Walen Pond. Joyce Moss writes, "He went out to live in the wilderness by himself- to demonstrate that it is possible to

The History of Volleyball

In 1895, a man named William Morgan wanted to create a new game requiring less physical contact than basketball. He decided to blend elements of basketball, tennis, handball, and baseball resulting in the game of Volleyball (at the time called mintonette). Morgan took a tennis net and raised it 6 ? feet; he required the players to hit the ball back and forth over it, keeping it from hitting the ground. During a demonstration, someone stated that the players seemed to be volleying the ball back and forth over the net, and the new name â€Å"volleyball† was born. The first game of volleyball was played at Springfield College in 1896. Four years later, in 1900, a special ball was designed for the sport. Volleyball was presented, in 1907, at the Playground of America convention as one of the most popular sports. In 1916, an offensive style of passing the ball was introduced; one player passes the ball high in the air to be struck by another teammate as it comes back down which is now known as â€Å"set† and â€Å"spike†. In 1920, the rule only allowing the ball to be hit three times per side was set into place. The first YMCA national championships were held in Brooklyn, NY in 1922. It was clear that tournaments and rules were needed, so USA Volleyball was formed. Over the next 27 years, volleyball became a worldwide sport and was introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo in 1964. The U. S. won their first Olympic medals in 1984 in Los Angeles, the women won Silver, and the men won Gold. Two-person beach volleyball was introduced as an Olympic Sport in 1996. In 2001, Kerri Walsh and Misty May became a team. Together, these two women competed in the Olympics 3 times. They won 3 Olympic gold metals, winning all 21 Olympic matches, only losing one set. They became known as the worlds greatest women’s beach volleyball team, holding the world record for consecutive match wins; 90 victories. The sport of volleyball has been around for 118 years, with little changes to rules and regulations. It is a young sport, but has become one of the most popular sports played all around the world.

Transurethral Resection Of The Prostate Health And Social Care Essay

BPH is thought to be caused by aging and by long-run testosterone and dihydrotestosterone ( DHT ) production, although their precise functions are non wholly clear. Histopathologic grounds of BPH is present in about 8 % of work forces in their 4th decennary and in 90 % of work forces by their 9th decennary. Loss of testosterone early in life prevents the development of BPH. The similarities in presentation, pathological scrutiny findings, and symptoms of BPH among indistinguishable twins suggest a familial influence. The mean prostatic weighs about 20 gms by the 3rd decennary and remains comparatively changeless in size and weight unless BPH develops. The typical patient with BPH has a prostate that averages 33 gms while merely 4 % of the male population of all time develops prostates of 100 gms or more.6Classic symptoms of BPH include a slow, intermittent, or weak urinary watercourse ; the esthesis of uncomplete vesica voidance ; dual elimination ( the demand to invalidate within a few seconds or proceedingss of urinating ) ; postvoid dribble ; urinary frequence ; and nycturias. Patients may besides show with ague or chronic urinary keeping, urinary piece of land infections, gross haematuria, nephritic inadequacy, vesica hurting, a tangible abdominal mass, or overflow incontinence.7Upon physical scrutiny, the vesica may be tangible during the abdominal scrutiny and the prostate may be enlarged during the digital rectal scrutiny. Symptoms are non needfully relative to the size of the prostate on digital rectal scrutiny or transrectal ultrasound findings.8The transurethral resection of the prostate is a well safe process, and has efficaciously replaced unfastened prostatectomy in bulk of cases.9Various clinical manifestations produced due to the soaking up of big measures of watering fluid during endourological processs are together called as TURP Syndrome, though the syndrome is characteristically described during Trans urethral resection of prostate ( TURP ) in up to 20 % of patients.10TURP syndrome is characterized by dyspnea, sickness, high blood pressure, increased cardinal venous force per unit area, intellectual hydrops, cardiogenic daze and nephritic failure.11Dilutional hyponatremia, H2O poisoning and ammonium hydroxide toxicities have been postulated as the cause of TURP syndrome. Acute hyponatremia with blood Na concentration below 115-120meqL could be potentially serious to patient.12 Therefore, after reexamining literature and dire demand, the present survey was conducted at private infirmary of Hyderabad. The current survey focused on the hyponatremia during transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ) . This survey provides the cognition, thought and protocols that have an of import function in the direction parametric quantities of patient undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ) . Patients AND METHODS: This cross sectional type descriptive survey was conducted at a private apparatus ( infirmary ) , Hyderabad and at third attention infirmary attached with Ghulam Muhammad Maher Medical College Sindh, Pakistan from June 2009 to November 2009. All patients above 45-75 old ages of age present with history of urinary frequence, urgency, urgency incontinency, invalidating at dark, weak urinary watercourse, hesitance, intermittence, through out-of-door patient section ( OPD ) of the infirmary, were diagnosed as benign prostate hyperplasia ( BPH ) and planned for TURP were evaluated and enrolled in the survey. The item history of all such patients was taken ; complete clinical scrutiny and everyday probe were performed. An informed consent was taken from all patients holding benign prostate hyperplasia ( BPH ) and planned for TURP. All such patients were assessed for serum Na degree preoperatively every bit good as postoperatively by taking 3cc venous blood sample and send to research lab for analysis. The fluctuation in the value of serum Na degree was estimated harmonizing to their parametric quantities and mention scope i.e. 135 mmol/L – 145 mmol/L ( normal ) , whereas the value & lt ; 135 mmol/L and & gt ; 145 mmol/L was considered as disturbed i.e. hyponatremia and hypernatremia, severally. The information was collected on pre-designed proforma. Sing ethical justification all the disbursals of this survey was paid by valuable part of whole research squad. The non concerted patients or who refused to take part in the survey, the patients who are already on diuretic therapy, the patients with diarrhoea or emesis, known instances of nephritic failure, congestive cardiac failure and liver cirrhosis were considered in exclusion standards. The informed consent was taken from every patient or from attender of patients after full account of process sing the survey, and all such manoeuvres were under medical moralss. The information was entere d, saved and analyzed in SPSS version 10.00. The mean and standard divergence was calculated for age and serum Na degree. The frequence and per centum of Na degree in TURP was besides calculated. The independent t trial was applied to compares the agencies of serum Na preoperatively every bit good as postoperatively at 95 % assurance interval and the P values a†°Ã‚ ¤ 0.05 was considered as statistically important. Transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ) is complicated by soaking up of irrigation fluid of about 1000 milliliter and on occasion 3000-5000 milliliter. This soaking up may ensue in hypervolaemia and serum electrolyte perturbations, clinically showing as the TURP-syndrome with neurologic and cardiovascular disturbances.14In our survey we identified hyponatremia in patients underwent for transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ) and it is similar with the survey by Miyao et al.15Water poisoning with hyponatremia has been postulated as the primary cause for the generation of TURP syndrome. In present survey the important alteration in Na degrees was noted which was independent of the type of watering fluid ( 1.5 % glycine or unfertile H2O ) used for the process ; nevertheless Moskovitz et Al, demonstrates no any important electrolyte alterations when distilled H2O used for irrigation.16The safety for distilled H2O is besides reported by Shih et al,17 A survey by Norlen, et Al on â€Å" comparing between intermittent and uninterrupted transurethral resection of the prostate † besides have confirmed that more the tallness of fluid used larger is the fluctuation of Na levels.18Hahnaˆ? RG presented a new hypothesis that the soaking up of watering fluid into the blood during transurethral resection of the prostate is associated with diffusion of Na ions from the interstitial fluid infinite into the plasma, some of this Na is â€Å" trapped † and removed from the organic structure in connexion with hemorrhage and elimination of piss, the sum of at bay Na increased with the sum of blood lost and two tierces was trapped with the plasma loss and one-third with the osmotic diuresis. This mechanism contributes to the absolute loss of Na from the body.19The entire Na loss, nevertheless, histories for one tierce of the maximal hyponatraemia and is still dominated by the plasma-derived Na excreted during the glycine-induced osmotic diuresis. Th e consequences of survey by Shariat, et Al had slightly different presentation that no statistically important alterations were reported in the serum electrolytes, blood urea N, creatinine, and haematocrit and the most common complications were hypotension ( 8.3 % ) , high blood pressure ( 7.8 % ) , sickness ( 6.4 % ) , and purging ( 2.8 % ) . Hyponatremia, decreased haematocrit, and increased blood urea N / creatinine were seldom reported ( 2.5, 1.0, and 0.9 % , severally ) .20However, sing the complications our survey noticed high blood pressure in 14 ( 35 % ) patients, sickness in 28 ( 70 % ) patients, purging in 30 ( 75 % ) of patients and concern in 10 ( 25 % ) patients. It is really hard to avoid happening of electrolyte perturbation during TURP, the best bar could be obtained by following a right surgical technique. Procedures enduring for more than 60 proceedingss and prostate secretory organs weighing more than 60 gms could be associated with more complications. The present survey evaluated the serum electrolyte perturbations i.e. hyponatremia during TURP, the current survey open a forum of treatment and provides an initial reappraisal and alterations observed during TURP process. The survey should be continued in progress and drawn-out stage at different clinical apparatuss to supply more cognition sing electrolyte alterations during transurethral resection of the prostate. Decision: Our survey identified the lessening in serum Na degree ( hyponatremia ) during transurethral resection of the prostate and emphasized on appropriate step to forestall serious and fatal complications. The preoperative degrees of Na should be estimated and effectual steps should be made before taking up the patient for transurethral resection of the prostate.

Foreshadowing in a Man for All Seasons

In the play A Man for All Seasons, foreshadowing is used to hint at the death of Thomas More. Foreshadowing is a warning or indication of a future event. The foreshadowing shows through quotes from various characters throughout the play and even from Thomas More. King Henry wishes to divorce his current wife Catherine to be with another woman, but divorce is against the Catholic Church. In this case, King Henry needs all the support he can get to override the law of the church. He even goes as far as to start his own church and be the head of it.Thomas More cannot support King Henry’s divorce though because Thomas is devoted to the Catholic Church and its laws. He is a man who stands by his beliefs. This causes trouble with King Henry and all the men who support him. In the end, Thomas’s friends betray him and he dies. Many quotes from Thomas’s steward, Thomas More, and King Henry foreshadow Thomas More’s death in A Man for All Seasons. Thomas More’ s oath to God is how he identifies himself and it is very important to him.While Thomas is a very honest and pure man, his steward makes a comment saying, â€Å" My master Thomas More would give anything to anyone. Some say that’s good and some say that’s bad, but I say he can’t help it – and that’s bad. Because some day someone’s going to ask him for something that he wants to keep; and he’ll be out of practice † (Bolt 1. 17). The steward says this right after Rich takes the silver cup Thomas gives to him. The silver cup is a bribe a woman gives to Thomas, but Thomas does not accept bribes. The steward shows how kind Thomas is by not accepting the bribe and giving the bribe away.This quote foreshadows Thomas’s death, because the steward is predicting how King Henry will ask Thomas to support his divorce. The steward notes how Thomas would do just about anything for anyone, but Thomas will not be able to support the divo rce because Thomas cannot give away his oath to God. This causes King Henry to build up resentment towards Thomas which leads to Thomas’s death. Thomas believes his decision to not support the divorce will not cause any real trouble with him and King Henry, but Thomas is very wrong.Although Thomas does not yet know he will die, he foreshadows his own death by saying, â€Å"Set your mind at rest- this is not the stuff of which martyrs are made† (Bolt 1. 60). This quote is very significant because it shows Thomas’s ignorance and how much he underestimates the cruelty of his fellow friends and men in general. Thomas’s wife, who possesses much common sense, is very concerned, and she realizes before Thomas that King Henry will not simply let Thomas get away with his decision. Thomas is happy with his decision though, because he has stayed true to himself and to God.Thomas knows the only person he will judge is himself if he goes against his beliefs. Although King Henry is not pleased, Thomas believes he will not be bothered by the issue of the divorce again, but it does not go away as he hoped it would. Once Thomas realizes he has caused real trouble by his decision, he believes his silence will prove his innocence. This shows that Thomas stays ignorant throughout the play until he realizes how far King Henry is willing to go to prove his authority when Thomas is placed in prison under false charges.Even though Thomas thinks his decision will not cause any chaotic problems, King Henry hints that it will, even before Thomas comes to this conclusion. Henry tries to be polite at first and discuss the issue of the divorce with Thomas in person. When King Henry realizes Thomas is going to stand by his decision, King Henry says, â€Å" No opposition, I say! No opposition! Your conscience is your own affair; but you are my Chancellor! There, you have my word – I’ll leave you out of it. But I don’t take it kindly, Thomas à ¢â‚¬  (Bolt 1. 56).Although King Henry tells Thomas that he will leave him out of the divorce issue, King Henry foreshadows Thomas’s death by also saying he does not take Thomas’s decision lightly. Thomas does not catch this though, so he feels that he and the King have come to a truce. Even though King Henry understands Thomas’s devotion to the Catholic Church, he will not let Thomas go without a fight. Once King Henry gets his divorce and starts his own church, England severs its connection with Rome. This causes Thomas to resign as Lord Chancellor. Thomas’s action only adds fuel to King Henry’s fire.Thomas believes by staying silent on where he stands with his beliefs, he will not be punished for anything. In the end, King Henry decapitates Thomas for not choosing his side. Thomas’s death is foreseen many times throughout the play. The steward predicts that because of Thomas’s kind nature, he will one day be asked for something he will not want to give up. This prediction is proven true as King Henry asks Thomas to support a divorce that goes against Thomas’s beliefs. Thomas foreshadows his own death by underestimating the impact his decision will have on his community.Thomas believes that his decision to not support the divorce will irritate King Henry and his followers, but ultimately they will get over his choice. King Henry proves Thomas wrong as he throws Thomas in prison for made-up charges and later on decapitates him. Lastly, King Henry hints at his plans for Thomas’s death when he mentions how he does not take Thomas’s decision kindly. Readers see just how unkindly King Henry takes Thomas’s choice when he orders someone to kill Thomas. Foreshadowing is a key tool used in A Man for All Seasons in order to help readers predict Thomas More’s unfair death.

British Airways And Iberia Airlines Merger Accounting Essay

There used to be a clip when British air passages ( BA ) could asseverate to be â€Å" the universe ‘s favorite air hose † , as its streamers conceitedly confirmed. However, taking the present economic scenario BA is undergoing a figure of jobs in the industry. British air passages are still fighting with the bequest of province ownership even after it has been privatised for last twenty old ages. Even recession has hard-hit the air hose industry and to get the better of the losingss that British air hoses had faced during recession ; it had decided to cut down on its cost by cut downing cabin crew and by detering an addition in the wage. However this acted as a accelerator in the industrial differences and the consequence of which is still really much felt in the day-to-day concern of BA ; there have been a figure of dead ends and work stoppages within the air hoses which have left riders to make up one's mind on for other air hoses. ( ECONOMIST, 2009 ) Due to economic crisis concern coming from North American paths was hard-hit due to a autumn in the business-class travel. However, this could be recovered with the recovery of American economic system every bit good as resuscitating the long-haul travel which makes a major portion of BA net incomes. One of BA ‘s major jobs is â€Å" Pension Deficit † . BA has besides been confronting tough competition from low-cost air hoses that have been supplying clients with cheaper menus on short-haul travel. So, the lone remedy to get the better of such losingss is seen in making or teaming up with a low cost spouse. ( ECONOMIST, 2009 ) Iberian air hoses have been enduring from lower air cost travel demand every bit good. It has reported a thrashing of 16.4 million euro in the 3rd one-fourth compared to gross of 30.4 million euro earned in the earlier one-fourth. The standard menus of this air hose have declined by 14 % and even the burden factor i.e. how filled the air-crafts are, declined to e very bit much as 1.1 % points to 82.1 % . To get by up with the recognition crunch it has decided to stop dead the rewards for 2010 and 2011 therefore heightening one-year nest eggs up to 37 million euro by 2011. It besides plans to make new air hose to provide to the demands of the traffic of Madrid Hub.( MENAFN, 2009 ) British air passages decided to fall in custodies with Iberian air hoses as a consequence of recognition crunch. By coming together they would come in the conference of large European air hoses. The amalgamation with the Spain based air hoses was looked upon as an appealing blend a twelvemonth ago. However, taking the present province of personal businesss it seems to be worth a joint deliverance procedure. This is so because both of their air hoses economic systems are still under the influence of fiscal crisis ; fighting with costs higher than the income. Iberia is still non moved by Mr. Willie Walsh ‘s, main executive of BA, dissensions with the brotherhood . It still holds optimistic position towards BA ‘s major job of â€Å" Pension Deficit † . However if we consider the articles or the memoranda of the amalgamation which was signed in November '09 between the two companies, Iberia has the right to name of the contract if BA is unable to run into up to the demands of the legal guardians refering the two pension financess. As recalculated on December 14th '09 by the legal guardians, the deficit of the two financess was declared to be at & A ; lb ; 3.7 billion, based on March 31st '09 rating. Presently BA is seting in hard currency worth & A ; lb ; 131m a twelvemonth. The Pension Regulator is assisting to reason whether the rating performed by the legal guardians is satisfactory or non and what farther actions are required to get the better of the recognition crunch. In this context, Iberian air hoses say that it can make up one's mind to name of the trade if BA lands up paying more hard currency.( ECONOMIST, 2009 ) Airlines amalgamations and acquisitions are based upon schemes which involves several conditions. Airlines M & A ; A is good for both travelers and air hose employees. The issues which are considered while air power M & A ; A are â€Å" clip, blessings, efficiency, competition, rider benefits, and struggles. † Amalgamations and acquisition in air hose industry is an emerging development across the universe. But such M & A ; A are highly planned and several of import factors are considered. Such of import factors are: The BA and Iberia treaty will make a bearer of $ 25 billion, for case. This trade makes a batch of sense and will cement the taking places of the large three European web participants. The amalgamation seems to take topographic point when the air hose sector is severely hit by the lessening in figure of riders and lading traffic. Apart of that the amalgamation became the demand of the hr, British air passages reported a 20 % diminution in grosss to 4.1 billion lbs ensuing in an operating loss of 111 million lbs in the six month period stoping at September 2009. Harmonizing to analyst Tony Shepard at the British securities firm house Charles Stanley, the company is likely to describe a 400 million lb loss for its full financial twelvemonth stoping in April 2010. British air pas sages of import North American paths and concern have been difficult hit by the prostration in business-class travel. This could resile back rapidly with economic recovery in America and, provided that cost additions from environmental steps are non excessively burdensome ; the long-haul travel on which BA ‘s profitableness depends should resuscitate in clip. But, like all former national bearers in Europe, it is confronting lay waste toing competition on its short-haul flights from low-priced air hoses. .On the other manus the amalgamation is decidedly in demand by Iberia besides as the air hoses faces adversities because air hose sector in Spain is confronting â€Å" exceptionally hard † conditions amid the economic crisis and competition from high-velocity rail. Iberian air hoses fiscal place is rather weak as the company had plunged into the ruddy in the 2nd one-fourth of 2009, entering a immense net loss of 72.8 million Euros. Afterwards the company declared its 3r d one-fourth consequences where it reported a loss of 16.4 million Euros ( 24.4 milliondollars ) ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bangkokpost.com/business/aviation/159895/british-airways-iberia-agree-to-merge ) Due to such utmost losingss and no marks of recovery in the market, the amalgamation was seen as a best strategic move by Iberia. The planned amalgamation with Iberia, the Spanish air hose, looked as if it would be a victorious combination a twelvemonth ago when it was foremost mooted. Today it seems more like a common deliverance operation. Both air hoses ‘ national economic systems are still in the stagnation ; both houses are fighting with costs greater than their grosss. It is besides moderately sanguine about BA ‘s other large job: its tremendous pension shortage. But harmonizing to the amalgamation memoranda signed in November, Iberia can name off the nuptials if BA can non make a satisfactory understanding with the legal guardians of its two pension fin ancess. As on 9th November 2009 there was an official proclamation that both of them ( British air passages and Iberian air hoses ) reached an initial understanding for a amalgamation which is planned to be completed by late 2010.As per the market this amalgamation, which will necessitate the European Commission ‘s seal of blessing, will take to the creative activity of the universe ‘s 3rd biggest air hose. The trade would see the new company being split with Iberia being allocated a 45 % interest and BA the staying 55 % . The new concern would hold 419 aircraft and over 200 finishs. In their last fiscal old ages, their joint grosss are about ˆ15 billion. The air hoses believe there is a compelling strategic principle for the dealing, which is expected to bring forth one-year synergisms of about ˆ400 million, and profit both companies ‘ stockholders, clients and employees. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8356780.stm ) The new group will unite the two companies ‘ taking places in the UK and Spain and heighten their strong presence in the international long draw markets, while retaining the single trade names and current operations of each air hose. In July 2008 there was intelligence of brace being in negotiations for an all-share amalgamation. But, because of issues such as the balance of control and the size of BA ‘s pension-fund shortage the treatments were put at a halt. As per the current market scenario rider traffic appears to hold stabilized, and air hoses have been able to convert their work forces that the industry is in crisis, forcing through some labour grants and cut downing capacity. BA is doing â€Å" echt advancement † in take downing costs, says analyst Nick Cunningham of Evolution Securities. As per the British air passages ongoing activities it seems the state of affairs of the company has started bettering after proclamation of the amalgamation, the company h as recapitalized ; following a exchangeable bond offering over the summer last twelvemonth and now has a hard currency balance of 1.5 billion lbs. In add-on the company has seen an addition in long draw flights which is one of the major countries where air hose companies make most of the net income. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.smartmoney.com/investing/stocks/market-update-friday-nov-13-2009-20162/ ) Rivals in the market have a really assorted reaction towards the amalgamation of both the air hose. Virgin Atlantic which as per the market position faces the biggest competition from this amalgamation its functionary said in a statement that the amalgamation will â€Å" increase BA ‘s laterality at Heathrow with 44 % of takeoff and set downing slots this winter, † and added its â€Å" impossible for any other air hose to retroflex their graduated table. † Other air hose companies have the position that the trade could really assist them win concern. Michael O'Leary, CEO of price reduction Irish bearer Ryanair, told CNBC that the trade was like â€Å" two rummies keeping each other up on the manner place. All you get when you put two high-fare, loss-making air hoses together is even higher menus and even bigger losingss. Mr. Leary operates a regional bearer and does n't vie on long-haul flights against bearers like BA. Though these statement can be said as guess in one sense as the true consequence of this amalgamation is still to be seen. But as per in a public proclamation by BA main executive Willie Walsh â€Å" The amalgamation will make a strong European air hose good able to vie in the twenty-first century † . The trade would make Europe ‘s 2nd biggest air hose by stock market capitalization, and 3rd biggest by income, with around 60 million riders per twelvemonth, As per market experts. The Times quoted assorted intelligence on different day of the months sing occupation cuts which were probably at bing caput offices in London and Madrid, in care installations and the incorporate gross revenues forces.In reappraisal of intelligence Mr. Walsh will be main executive, and Iberia air hoses president Mr. Antonio Vazquez will be president of the new company to be based in London and listed on the London Stock Exchange. MR.Vazquez hailed the understanding, stating they were â€Å" puting the foundations of what will be one of the most of import air hoses in the universe, a existent planetary air hose. † ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.smartmoney.com/investing/stocks/market-update-friday-nov-13-2009-20162/ ) It is said that if the amalgamation consequences fruitful and the economic system begins its recovery in 2010 or possibly 2011 so it will be a major encouragement to both of them. One thing can be predicted that If the trade gets successfully executed the clients are traveling to hold a broad assortment of finishs as BA clients would derive entree to up to 59 new finishs, of which 13 will be in Latin America, while Iberia ‘s clients would derive up to 98 new finishs across the BA web. In add-on to it the effects of amalgamation will ensue in combined stock market capitalization of some 4.9 billion Euros ( 4.3 billion lbs, 7.2 billion dollars ) . Different Approaches To Covering With The ProblemHarmonizing to the current state of affairs at that place appears to be merely one job which is doing the trade hard to put to death. British Airways the UK flag-carrier pension shortage was revealed and it was found that the shortage was more than double amounting to 3.7 billion lbs at the terminal of March, which was higher than analysts expected but it is non a bug adequate to be a ground for stoping up of the amalgamation with Spanish air hose Iberia. As told to Reuters by a beginning in Iberia air hoses â€Å" We ‘re non surprised by this figure. It falls within the expected scope, † As it is already implied before, BA ‘s pension shortage is the important country in the dialogue of amalgamation and Iberia has the right to draw of the amalgamation if the payment of this shortage turns to be excessively large. Furthermore, there are opportunities that the shortage figure could originate till the clip the rating procedure is completed in following twelvemonth in June because as per Britain ‘s Pensions Regulator the premise which is used to cipher the shortage are excessively optimistic. I n position of this BA said in a statement â€Å" The regulator ‘s probationary position is that the proficient commissariats may be materially below a degree it feels appropriate, † As per the job the British air passages direction is seeking to calculate out different ways to work out the job. As per in one of the proclamations BA said that the company and the pension legal guardians will work together to develop a recovery program, a procedure through which the company will confer with its employees and their trade brotherhoods and will seek to take out a determination from it by the terminal of June 30, 2010. The scheme which is employed now is to alter the nature of any pension ‘s trade BA can strike with its staff and ciphering the proportion of spread which can be covered by the company. As said by Deutsche Bank â€Å" The Company may be forced to renegociate pension benefits with employees if it is to avoid utilizing more stockholders hard currency, † Academic Studies Supporting The ArticleThe world that merely 20 per cent of the acquisitions really win and the remainder erodes stockholder wealth ( Grubb and Lamb, 2000 ) can extremely conflict with illustrations of successful coup d'etats like Swiss by Lufthansa in 2005.Talking about amalgamations, they create stockholder value with most of it accruing to the attendant company. One of the of import grounds behind unifying a company is that it helps in increasing stockholder ‘s value much above the sum sum of the two companies.( Watson and Head,2007 ) The optimistic impact of amalgamations extends to and involves economic systems of graduated table or synergisms, helps to derive power in the markets by making monopolies, manages bureau costs and manages hazard for undiversified directors( Gregor Anrade, Mark Mitchell, Erik Stafford, 2001 ) . Amalgamations create synergisms, cut down operational costs and enhance market portion. On the other manus it consequences in the generation of bureau jobs as the directors can do amalgamations for their ain benefit. It besides consequences in decentralization of power that reduces duty and answerability. Merger which can be defined as when two ( or perchance more ) concern combine. In other words one can state that ‘merger ‘ is defined as a state of affairs when two companies/firms decide by common understanding to unite the concerns. The term ‘takeover ‘ holds a different significance in comparing to ‘merger ‘ . It means when a larger concern takes over control of a smaller concern and the smaller concern gets immersed by the larger concern. But in today ‘s epoch it is non cleared that whether the concern has been merged or it has been taken over. Harmonizing to the relationship between the concerns being merged, amalgamations and coup d'etats can be divided into three parts and they are:Horizontal amalgamationoccurs when two concerns in the similar industry, and at the Same point in the production procedure decides to unite.Vertical amalgamationoccurs when two concerns in the similar industry, but at different points in the same production procedure decide to unite.Conglomerate amalgamationoccurs when two concerns in unrelated industries decide to unite.As it can be implied from the academic surveies back uping the article the amalgamation between British air passages and Iberia air hoses is Horizontal type of amalgamation as both the companies are from the air hoses sector taking to same production procedure and they have got high presence at international degree. Application of Data to ModelHarmonizing to research, the last few old ages were n't an acceptable period for the air line industry as a consequence of quickly increasing fuel costs and due to economic downswing. Airline amalgamations and acquisitions have clustered and most of the air hose bosses exclaimed â€Å" consolidation is ineluctable † . The outstanding illustrations of amalgamation and acquisition in the industry are Air France – KLM in 2003, Swiss- Lufthansa in 2005, US Airways-America West in 2005 and Delta- Northwest in 2008. The Europeans lead the manner in set uping mega-carriers. By gross Air France-KLM is the universe leader with $ 34 billion, followed by the Lufthansa Group at $ 30 billion. ( The Mating Game.Airline Business, 02687615, Jan2009, Vol. 25, Issue 1 ) . At the same clip, US Airways and America West amalgamation drained their disbursals by over $ 250 million a twelvemonth and created a company better able to endure $ 100-a-barrel oil. USAirwa ys, the state ‘s fifth-largest bearer — earned $ 427 million on gross of $ 11.7 billion. ( A Cautionary Tale for Airline Mergers, Palmeri, Christopher, Business Week ; 3/17/2008 ) Therefore it can be determined that amalgamations and acquisitions had sustained air hose industry during the economic downswing accomplishing important synergisms and economic systems of graduated table. Although the amalgamations and acquisitions prevented air lines from settlement, inauspicious impacts can besides be emphasized. Even US Airways exists bankruptcy ; the expanded company still face the internal battle of consorting two separate air hoses. The chief obstructions are employee dissatisfaction and client ailments ( A Cautionary Tale for Airline Mergers, Palmeri, Christopher, Business Week ; 3/17/2008 ) However the universe ‘s air hoses are organizing themselves into immense confederations. Does this affair? Yes: the hazard is that the air hose industry is traveling from one extreme and it ‘s clip to worry about the competition. What Has Been LearntHarmonizing to our surveies and research it can be seen the air hose industry has been hit by the economic downswing. They struggled with the cost hikes higher than their incomes. Both the air hoses have been faced by the jobs of industrialisation and globalisation, the competition of other air hoses such as low cost air hoses and inveigh services like Euro Star. Most of the air hoses restructured and merged and gave them a competition every bit good. Pension black hole is one of the chief current jobs happening in the British air passages and some of the analysts say that they need more clip to retrieve from the shortage than their estimated clip of 2016. ( in pattern ) Longer clip is required for the closing of the shortage harmonizing to some analysts. But in the state of affairss of hard currency in Rhine wine the company can see doing non-cash parts such as non-monetary inducements alternatively of hard currency. If the company utilizes its assets for pension financess it might stultify the company with the same forces cut downing its cyberspace worth. The faultless size of the shortage is non known by the BA and at the same clip they have released before denoting the recovery program the size of the shortage efficaciously. However, air hose and legal guardians are now working together to develop a recovery program to negociate with employees and trade brotherhoods. Unless and until BA manages come up with a solution to find the pension shortage the amalgamation will stay unsettled. MentionsA Cautionary Tale for Airline Mergers, Palmeri, Christopher, Business Week ; 3/17/2008, Isuue 4075, p066-066, 1p Airline Amalgamations: Ready for Takeoff? By: Bachman, Justin, BusinessWeek Online, 12/22/2006 Corporate Finance ; Principles and Practice ; 4th Edition, Denzil Watson & A ; Antony Head, Pearson Education ECONOMIST, 2009 Fiscal Management for Decision Makers,5TH Edition, Peter Atrill, Pearson Education hypertext transfer protocol: //finance.mapsofworld.com/merger-acquisition/airline.html hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8356780.stm hypertext transfer protocol: //grupo.iberia.es/portal/site/grupoiberia/menuitem.84584da99e6d0dada0d4a195d21061ca/ . hypertext transfer protocol: //readingft.blogspot.com/2009/11/ba-and-iberia-blue-sky-marriage.htmlhttp: //www.britishairways.com/travel/about-british-airways/public/en_gb hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bangkokpost.com/business/aviation/159895/british-airways-iberia-agree-to-merge hypertext transfer protocol: //www.smartmoney.com/investing/stocks/market-update-friday-nov-13-2009-20162/ MENAFN, 2009 One universe, few airlines.Economist, 00130613, 09/26/98, Vol. 349, Issue 8087 The Mating Game.Airline Business, 02687615, Jan2009, Vol. 25, Issue 1 V V